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What is The Technical Intern Training Program (TITP)?・About the type of job

2020.04.03

What is The Technical Intern Training Program (TITP)?・About the type of job

The Technical Intern Training Program supports the transfer of Japanese skills to developing countries through training program schemes. In November 2017, the Technical Intern Training Law came into effect. We re-regulated many areas of this law that were previously established by Immigration Control Law. The training period is a maximum of five years, and acquisition of skills etc. is based on technical intern training plans. There are two types of procedures for accepting technical intern trainees: individual enterprise type and supervising organization type.   (Supervising Organization Type) A format whereby non-profit organizations such as business cooperatives and societies of commerce and industry (supervising organizations), accept technical intern trainees for technical intern training at affiliated enterprises (implementing organizations). (Individual Enterprise Type) A format whereby enterprises and other businesses in Japan (implementing organizations) accept employees of overseas local subsidiaries, joint venture companies, or trading partners for technical intern training.   As of the end of 2016, 3.6% of acceptances were individual enterprise type and 96.4% were supervising organization type (based on the number of technical intern trainees present in Japan). （Technical Intern Training Categories and Status of Residence） There are three technical intern training stages for both the individual enterprise type and supervising organization type: (Technical Intern Training(i)): induction of basic skills in the first year after entering Japan, (Technical Intern Training (ii)): increased practical skill acquisition in the second and third years after entering Japan, (Technical Intern Training (iii)): mastery of learnt skills in the fourth and fifth years after entering Japan.   Organizations that provide the Technical Intern Training (iii) are limited to excellent supervising and implementing organizations. They are deemed to satisfy the standards specified by the competent ministries. Process from Technical Intern Trainee Entry into Japan until Return to Home Country In order to make the shift from Technical Intern Training (i) to Technical Intern Training (ii), or from Technical Intern Training (ii) to Technical Intern Training (iii), the technical intern trainee must pass the specified Technical Intern Training Evaluation Examination. For the Technical Intern Training (ii), a written test and practical test is taken. For the Technical Intern Training (iii), there is a practical test. Before completing the Technical intern training(iii), it is necessary for candidates to be examined in the Technical intern training evaluation (practical skill). If the technical intern training period is 5 years, a total of 3 Technical skill training tests will be taken. Job category   Job Categories Operations Job Categories Operations Agriculture (2 occupations, 6 operations) Textile/clothing  Cultivation agriculture Facility horticulture Knit goods manufacturing Socks producing work Upland field cropping/ Vegetable growing Round knitting producing work Fruit growing Warp knitted fabrics manufacturing Warp knitting producing work Livestock agriculture Hog raising Ladies’ and children’s dress making Sewing work of ready-made clothes for ladies and children Poultry farming (collecting chicken eggs) Tailoring men’s suit making Sewing work of men’s ready-made clothes Dairy Underwear manufacturing Underwear manufacturing operation Fishing industry (2 occupations, 9 operations) Bedclothes making Bedding products work Fishing boat fisheries Skipjack pole and line fishery Carpet manufacturing Woven carpet producing work Long-line fishery Tufted carpet producing work Squid jigging Needle punched carpet producing work Purse seine fishery Canvas product making Canvas cloth products related work Trawl and seine net fishery Cloth sewing Dress-shirt producing work Gill net fishery Seat product sewing Car seat product sewing work Set net fishery Mechanical/metal related (15 occupations, 29 operations) Crab and shrimp basket fishery Casting Casting iron and article operation Aquaculture Scallop and oyster farming Casting nonferrous metal and article operation Construction (22 occupations, 33 operations) Forging Hammer type forging operation Well drilling Percussion type well drilling operation Press type forging operation Rotary type well drilling operation Die casting Hot chamber die-cast work Building sheet metal work Duct sheet metal operation Cold chamber die-cast work Interior and exterior sheet metal operation Machining Engine Lathe operation Freezing and air conditioning apparatus installing Freezing and air harmonizing equipment installation work Milling machine operation Fixture making Hand processing work of wooden fixture Numerical Control Lathe Operations Carpentry Carpentry construction work Machining Center Operations Frame working Frame working Metal press Metal press operation Reinforcing bar construction Assembling reinforced rod bar work Iron work Steel processing operation for structure Scaffolding Scaffolding building work Factory sheet metal work Machine sheet metal operation Building stone construction Stone processing work Electroplating Electric plating work Work of putting out stones Meltdown zinc plating work Tiling Tiling work Aluminum anodizing Anode oxidation treatment work Tile roofing Tile-roofing work Finishing Melting equipment finishing work Plastering Plasterers work Metal mold finishing work Plumbing Construction piping work Machine assembling finishing work Plant piping work Machine inspection Machine inspection work Heat insulation Heat-retention and cool-retention construction work Machine maintenance Machine maintenance work Interior finishing Plastic-material floor finishing construction work Electronic equipment assembling Electronic devices assembling work Carpeting floor finishing construction work Electric equipment assembling Spinning electric machine assembling work Metal-made foundation construction work Transformer assembling work Board finishing construction work Control panel and distribution panel assembling work Curtain installation work Open-close control device assembling work Sash setting Building sash installation work Spinning electric cord-reel producing work Waterproofing Sealing water-proof construction work Print wiring board manufacturing Print distribution panel design Concrete pressure feeding Concrete pressure transfer construction work Print distribution panel production Well point construction Well-point construction work Others (14 occupations, 26 operations) Paper hanging Painting work Furniture making Hand processing on furniture making Application of construction equipment　　 Dozing work Printing Off-set printing work Loading work Book binding Binding work Excavating work Plastic molding Compressing forming work Road rolling work Injection forming work Furnace installation Furnace installation work Inflation forming work Food manufacturing (11 occupations, 16 operations) Blow forming work Can seaming for canned foods Can seaming for canned foods Reinforced plastic molding Hand-loaded layer forming work Poultry processing industry Poultry processing Painting Construction painting work Marine Heated fishery processed foodstuff manufacturing work Extract manufacturing Metal painting work Food manufacturing Heated dried product manufacturing Metal bridge painting work 　 Flavored product manufacturing Spray painting work 　 Smoked product manufacturing Welding Manual welding Non-heated fishery processed foodstuff manufacturing work Salted product manufacturing Semi-automatic welding Food manufacturing Dried product manufacturing Industrial packaging Industrial wrapping work 　 Fermented foodstuff manufacturing Carton box and corrugated card board box making Printing box punching work Fish paste making Boiled fish paste producing work Printing box producing work Beef and pork processing industry Primal cut of beef and pork processing Paste box producing work Ham, sausage and bacon making Production work of ham, sausage and bacon Cardboard producing work Bread Baking Bread baking work Industrial manufacturing of pottery Roller jigger forming work Ready-made meal manufacturing work Ready-made meal processing Pressure casting work Pickles manufacturing Pickles manufacturing work Pad printing work Medical/welfare facility lunch production Medical/welfare facility lunch production Automobile repair and maintenance Automobile repair and maintenance work Textile/clothing (13 occupations, 22 operations) Building cleaning management Building cleaning management work Spinning operation Pre-spinning work Caregiver Caregiver work Spinning process Linen supply Linen supply finishing work Winding process In-house occupations and work (1 occupations, 3 occupations) Twisting and doubling work Airport ground handling Aircraft ground support Weaving operation Sizing and warping work Air cargo handling Weaving process Room cleaning Inspecting work List of Technical training system's occupations and operations to be transferred As of May 28, 2019, 144 operations of 80 occupations Dyeing Thread permeation dyeing work Fabric and knit dyeing Necessary conditions for Vietnamese and Filipinos to work in Japan (specified skills)・About the type of job

【Latest edition March 31】 Medication・Vaccination・medical treatment for COVID-19

2020.04.03

【Latest edition March 31】 Medication・Vaccination・medical treatment for COVID-19

What is coronavirus? Coronavirus is the cause of common cold with the range of 10% to 35%. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the name given to the 2019 novel coronavirus. COVID-19 is the name given to the disease associated with the virus by WHO. How does COVID-19 spread? People can catch COVID-19 from others who have the virus. The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects like door knob or handrail. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person with COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets. How to treat COVID-19? (medicines and vaccines) I’ll post information about development of medicines and vaccine in the world. Avigan Tablet (Generic name: Favipiravir) Avigan tablet is developed by FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd in Japan. The drug is to be considered for use only when there is an outbreak of novel or re-emerging influenza virus infections. Thus avigan tablet has never been distributed in the market but the Japanese government has 2 million stockpile of the drug. As avigan tablet is a viral RNA polymerase inhibitor with a new mechanism of action, the drug may potentially have an antiviral effect on the novel coronavirus as it is classified into the same type (single-stranded RNA virus) as influenza virus. Efficacy of this drug is already confirmed in animal studies. On March 13, Gunma University, etc. had started clinical research, and said to clear the drug’s efficacy by administration of this drug to inpatients. 【postscript on March 31】 Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on March 28 the government will begin clinical trials to formally approve the anti-influenza drug avigan as a treatment for the new coronavirus. Clinical trials in China showed the drug shortened the recovery time for patients. The trial also found that X-ray photos confirmed improvements in lung conditions, tested negative in a comparatively short time and  pneumonia symptoms were markedly reduced in case that patients received the drug within 6days from the onset. Article reporting the lower mortality with avigan tablet is as follows. (written in Japanese)→ 緊急寄稿（2）新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）治療候補薬アビガンの特徴（白木公康） Nafamostat mesylate (press on March 19) The institute of medical science, The University of Tokyo said they have identified nafamostat (trade name: Fusan) as a strong candidate to fight COVID-19. The research group found that nafamostat inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated fusion at a low concentration (1-10nM range).   This drug was developed in Japan as treatments for pancreatitis and some other diseases. This drug has been prescribed in Japan for many years and have adequate clinical data with regard to safety. They said they can start clinical trial promptly. Ciclesonide The National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) reported that ciclesonide (trade name: Alvesco) was given to 3 patients with the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19. The drug is said to control inflammation and block multiplication of the virus. Ciclesonide, a type of steroid used in inhalers to treat asthma is a safe drug can be used between newborn to aged person. There is currently a lack of pathologic data on COVID-19, but Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) imaging features overlap with SARS and MERS. Virus multiply on alveolar epithelial cells, predominant macrophage subset in BALF from patients with mild diseases, overwhelm in the severely damaged lungs from patients with ARDS. These cells are highly inflammatory and enormous chemokine producers implicated in cytokine storm. Ciclesonide reaches the lungs where the virus is multiplying so it could be effective in reducing inflammation there. Article reporting that three patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 were given Ciclesonide, and the drug seems effective for COVID-19 is as follows. (written in Japanese) →COVID-19肺炎初期～中期にシクレソニド吸入を使用し改善した3例 Remdesivir U.S. pharmaceutical firm Gilead Sciences Inc. initially aimed to develop remdesivir as a medication for Ebola. The drug has been reported to be effective in preventing the replication of viruses in previous studies. Wuhan Institute of Virology reported that remdesivir is highly effective in the control of 2019-nCoV infection in vitro. They carried out the essays to measure the effects on the cytotoxicity, virus yield and infection rates, and virus multiplication was inhibited through 48 hours post infection. Researchers in many countries are joining clinical trial on the use of remdesivir. The clinical trial is expected to show the result in April. Remdesivir might be approved as the first drug against COVID-19. Chloroquine Chloroquine is a widely-used anti-malarial and autoimmune disease drug. The drug has recently been reported as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral drug. There are some reports showing that chloroquine is effective in the control of COVID-19 in vitro. In Japan hydroxychloroquine is given to 2 patients with the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, and both recovered. There’s the possibility of effectiveness to the severe cases, Chloroquine might give treatment option. Article reporting 2cases recovered after being given hydroxychloroquine is as follows. (written in Japanese) →ヒドロキシクロロキンを使用し症状が改善したCOVID-19の2例はこちら Lopinavir and ritonavir(trade :name: Kaletra)   Kaletra contains two active substances, lopinavir and ritonavir, and is HIV medicine used in combination with other medicines. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center reported in hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment beyond standard care. On the other hand, in Japan 7 patients with severe COVID-19 were treated with this drug by February 21, and some cases are effective. One was discharged from the hospital after 15 days medication, and pneumonia inflammation have disappeared in 2 cases. But 3 patients were on an artificial ventilator after 7days medication. Article reporting cases revered after being given lopinavir and ritonavir is as follows. (written in Japanese) →新型コロナウイルス肺炎(COVID-19)の症例報告はこちら TAK-888 On March 4, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced the company’s plasma-derived therapy, an anti-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) polyclonal hyperimmune globulin (H-IG), to treat high-risk individuals with Covid-19. H-IGs are created by concentrating the pathogen-specific antibodies from plasma of patients who recovered from COVID-19. By injecting these antibodies to a new confirmed patient, physicians can induce the patient’s immune response and raise the chance of recovery. Article reporting starting development of COVID-19 plasma therapy is as follows. (written in Japanese) →新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）治療薬としての血漿分画製剤開発の開始についてはこちら mRNA-1273 On February 24, 2020, the clinical batch was shipped from Moderna to the NIH for use in their Phase 1 clinical study. This is the first clinical trial of vaccine candidate against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Instead of using a virus, the vaccine uses genetic material called mRNA to play a role in synthesizing proteins according to genetic information, so that the protein on the surface of the new coronavirus is produced in the administered human body. It is a mechanism that can acquire immunity by producing antibodies against the new coronavirus. DNAvaccine Professor Ryuichi Morishita from graduate school of medicine/Faculty of medicine, Osaka University and Osaka-based biotech AnGes said on March 5 that it will develop preventive DNA-based vaccines against the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. On March 13 another chemical manufacturer, Daicel said to join in their collaboration to develop a DNA vaccine against COVID-19. Daicel provides novel drug delivery device. The production is implemented by Takara Bio that has the plasmid DNA production technology and production facilities. Since the production of DNA vaccines is made using the bacterium Escherichia coli., DNA vaccines can be delivered at high dosages and cost‐effective. Professor Morishita explains needed period of production is about 2 months.   DNA vaccines are safe and can be produced in a short time period without using any dangerous pathogens. By inoculating circular DNA (plasmid) encoding the protein of the target pathogen, the pathogen protein is produced in the body and immunized against the pathogen. Treatment Report Infection control and treatment for severe COVID-19 pneumonia that required ventilators. 人工呼吸器装着が必要であった重症COVID-19肺炎の感染対策、治療について A case of COVID-19 pneumonia in the 70s who improved without treatment 無治療で改善した70歳代のCOVID-19肺炎の1例 Points suspected of COVID-19 infection considered from 6 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia that developed in the community (postscript on March 31) 市中で発症したCOVID-19肺炎の6症例から考察するCOVID-19感染症を疑うポイント（3月31日追記）  
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